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Introduction Trieste is an Adriatic coastal city in northeastern Italy, close to the border with Slovenia. The sea in the Gulf of Trieste is very clear and clean, with limestone cliffs and rocky beaches. The centre of the city has a mid-European feel, more Austrian than Italian, Trieste was the seaport of the Hapsburg Empire. Unique Points You can enjoy a combination of a sea/beach holiday and the attractions of a cultural city. It is an ideal destination for a short break but you could easily spend a week here too. The Verdi Theatre hosts an opera season in the winter and an operetta festival in summer. You can swim in the beautiful clear sea, stroll the promenade, and walk along the cliff paths. Take in the wonderful art collection at the Revoltella Museum. You can sip coffee on Piazza Unita Italia with its grand 19th century buildings, which face onto the sea. Getting there Ryanair flies into Trieste from London Standsted. The airport is 35 kms west of Trieste but there is regular public transport on Coach 51 into Trieste. Getting around If you do decide to hire a car, it is worth checking that you can take it into Slovenia and Croatia if you are considering day trips there. Trieste has a good public transport network. There is a "Trieste by Bus" city tour in 13 stops. This is available on Saturdays and Sundays at 2pm from the end of June to mid October. The two and a half hour trip allows you to see the city's main attractions. The cost is around five euros per person. You can take the Opicani tram up to the Carso plateau, 348 metres above sea level. This funicular tramway was built in 1902. The tram leaves from Piazza Oberdan in the city centre up Scorolo hill to the plateau above. History According to folklore Trieste was founded by Tergeste, a friend of Jason and the Argonauts. Ancient Tergeste as a Roman colony is dated to around 178 BC. It became more important during the reign of Octavian when roads were improved. The city has had many rulers during its history: Goths, Byzantines, and Lombards. In the 13th century Trieste was forced to swear allegiance to Venice. To escape Venetian domination, Trieste sought the protection of Duke Leopold of Austria. Trieste was of great importance to the Hapsburg Empire as a seaport and was made a Freeport in 1719. Without customs barriers the port and city flourished. At the end of the First World War with collapse of the Hapsburg Empire, Trieste was returned to Italy in 1918. Trieste was taken over by the Third Riech when Italy withdrew from the Second World Ward in September 1943. Two years later there was a 40-day Occupation by Tito's Yugoslav forces. After 9 years under an Anglo-American government Trieste was handed over to the Italian government. Trieste's history may help explain why 70% of Italians apparently did not know that Trieste was part of Italy in a recent opinion poll! With EU enlargement Trieste is ideally placed as the only natural port in the centre of Europe. Trieste is one of three finalists to host the international Expo of Science, Technology and Culture in 2008. If its bid is successful there will be more investment in the area and Trieste will become better known on the world map. Literary Connections The Irish author James Joyce lived in Trieste during the early part of the 20th century. When he first arrived he worked as a tutor at the Berlitz School of English. He went on to write "The Dubliners", "The Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man" and start "Ulysses" in Trieste. The rich mix of central European and Eastern Mediterranean culture in Trieste is said to have had a great influence on his writing. Joyce was English tutor to Itali Svevo, the Italian novelist. Svevo was born in Trieste in 1861, his Mother was part of a Triestian Jewish family, and his Father was of German descent. Joyce encouraged and praised Svevo's work and Svevo wrote critiques of Joyce's work. Svevo's book, "The Confessions of Zeno", was virtually ignored in Italy. However Joyce recommended the book to publishers in France, where it was hailed as a masterpiece. The book is an autobiography of Zeno, written for Zeno's psychoanalyst, to help get to the bottom of his smoking addiction. Svevo is credited by Welleck as "an Italian novelist with permanent appeal as a psychoanalytical psychologist and as a portrayer of the inhabitants of Austrian and later Italian Trieste and their often uncertain national allegiance." Jan Morris wrote the book, "Trieste and the Meaning of Nowhere". Morris claims this is her final book, a self- examination based in Trieste. Morris changed gender. Jan Morris first visited Trieste at the end of the Second World War as young Welsh soldier. She describes how the city "curiously haunted her" . She revisited the city as an elderly woman. Morris describes Trieste as "natural capital of the nation of nowhere". By this she means a home for the so-called "Fourth World" . This is a scattered group with the common values of humour and understanding, usually exiles in their own communities but probably numerous enough to form their own nation. I laughed at Clay Risen's comment in his piece about Trieste in the Square Table in Spring 2003. He observed that "Trieste is the only city in Eruope which appears more often in reflective essays than in guide books of newspaper travel sections." Exploring the city The best way to explore the city is to walk around. The Piazza dell' Unita d'Italia is the heart of the city. The square was created towards the end of the 19th century. It houses the City Hall, with its clock tower featuring statues of Mikeze and Lakeze, figures from Trieste folklore; Government House, with its gilded mosaic wall decorations; and the former Head Office of Lloyd Triestino, built in Renaissance style by an Austrian architect. The Victory Lighthouse lights the Gulf of Trieste and commemorates the dead of the First World War. It stands almost 70 metres high with a scaled dome containing a statue of winged Victory. At the base of the column is the anchor of the torpedo boat Audace, the first Italian ship to enter the harbour in 1918. The lighthouse took 4 years to complete and was officially opened in 1927. The Old Stock Exchange is a fine example of neo-classical architecture, resembling a Greek temple. The Old Stock Exchange stands by the so called Grand Canal. However this is rather an misnomer as the canal is very short. There is a statue of Joyce by one of the bridges. The Arco di Riccard is a Roman gate to the city thought to date from 33 AD. It is in Piazzetta di Ricordo in the old city. You can see the Roman amphitheatre at the foot of San Guisto hill. The Verdi Opera Theatre opened in 1801. It is of a similar style to La Scala in Milan. Museums There are many museums in Trieste, most of which are closed on Mondays. Probably the best is The Revoltella Museum, which was founded in 1872 when Baron Revoletta left his home and art collection to the city of Trieste. He also set up an endowment, which enabled a larger collection to be acquired. The Art Gallery has now spread over three buildings in order to house the ever-expanding collection by many Italian and other artists. Other museums include: The Regional Centre for the Study of Ancient and Modern Military History The Civic Museum The Museum of Oriental Art Piccolo Pharmacy Museum The Railway Museum Café society As Trieste is a port it was one of the first European cities to take to coffee in a big way. The first coffee houses in Trieste opened at the beginning of the 18th century. These cafés become very popular with artists and intellectuals. Several of the original cafes are going strong, the Tommeseo and the Cafee degli Specchi. Triestines are very particular about their coffee. If you order a cappuccino the Trieste version will be a black coffee with a little milk. You would need to order an Italian cappuccino. Mixing spirits with coffee is a no-no, viewed as a beverage favoured by foreign lorry drivers! Cultural and Sporting Events The Barcolana is held on the second Sunday of October. This is a sailing competition which has run for 30 years and has almost 2000 vessels competing. There are other events during the week such as the Saturday nighttime regatta. The winner is the boat, which can achieve the highest number of laps around the San Guisto basin. The Music Festival takes place for three evenings at the Piazza d'Italie. There is a line up of Italian and international talent and it's free. From October to May the concert and opera season unfolds in the historic neo-Classical Teatro Comunale Giuseppe Verdi (opened in 1801 and designed by Matteo Petch, architect of Milan's La Scala) and the modern Sala Tripcovich. The festival of Light Opera is held in July and August at the Verdi. Figures of international renown congregate in Trieste for performances of such works as Fritz Kreisler's "Sissi", "The Land of Smiles" and Franz Lear's "Judith". Castello Miramare This castle was built for Archduke Maximilian as a residence by the sea. Maxilmilian and his wife, Charlotte of Belgium, came to live here in 1860. However their stay only lasted for 4 years as Maximilian was despatched to Mexico, where he been offered the throne in an attempt to end the Civil War there. Rebel forces killed Maximilian. Charlotte lived at the Castello alone briefly and then returned to her native Belgium. You can visit the castle and gardens. In July and August the tragic love story is brought to life in a "Sons et Lumieres". The voice of the Castle caretaker recounts the love story of Maximilian and Charlotte. Performances in English and German can be requested on Saturdays by phoning +39 40 414177 Castello di Duino This old castle dates from the 11th century, the only recognisable remains are the tower and an arch. The new castle was completed in the 15th century. Legend tells that in medieval times a young princess fell in love with a local boy. Her Father locked her away in a tower and had her lover killed in the courtyard below and the corpse thrown in the sea. In despair the Princess leapt from the tower, her screams turned her to stone as she hurtled down. Near the shore is a rock that looks like a woman's body. Some say that "Dama Biance" still haunts the area searching for her lost love. Duino Castle has only recently opened its doors to the public. Prince Carlo Allessandro and his family still live in the castle. The castle has accommodated many famous guests: Dante, Listz and Struass. The coastal path, the Rilke Promenade from Duino to Sistians is named after the German poet, a guest at the castle from 1911 - 1912. The Grotta Gigante, the Giant Cave This cave is the largest accessible cave in the world. It is estimated that you could fit St Peters Cathedral inside. The cave was first explored in 1840 by Lidner. In 1904, a four- year project started to turn the cave into a tourist attraction. It took 4000 candles to light the cave, electricity was only installed in 1957. There are hourly guided visits. You can find out about opening hours by phoning 040 327312. Swimming The beach at Sistinna Spiaggia is said to be one of the best in Italy. It can be reached by the no. 51 and 21 buses from Trieste. Grignano is closer to Trieste and is reached by the no. 36 bus. Where to eat Harry's Grill in the Hotel Gran Duchi is one of Trieste's most exclusive restaurants. I have eaten at this restaurant. I was even served with a pre-starter, a delicious titbit of stuffed aubergine, and a pre-dessert, a lovely strawberry mousse. The accompanying bread and bread sticks has been freshly baked. My (proper) starter was stuffed pasta, the main course was sea bass, topped off with white chocolate mousse rippled with passionfruit sauce. It is entirely possible to have a lighter meal, if you can resist the temptation. In Summer you can sit out on the pedestrianised square. Main courses cost from 16 - 26 euros. Piazza dll"Unita d"Italia 2, tel: 040 660606 Al Bragozzo is the best-known restaurant at the port, which specialises in seafood. The simply yet creatively prepared meals pay homage to the sea and its heritage by combining the elements of Italian cuisine and the riches of the Mediterranean. Specialties include spaghetti alla Giorgio (with tomatoes and herbs), ravioli stuffed with herbs, monkfish braised with artichokes (and cooked with white wine), and spaghetti with lobster. There are also many preparations of salmon and shrimp. You can eat at the outdoor tables, weather permitting, if you visit in the summer. Main courses cost from 10 - 25 euros. Riva Nazario Sauro 22. tel: 040 303001. There are many buffets in Trieste. These are restaurants which specialise in pork, often in various stews, sausages and soups. Two of the best known are: Re di cappe, Via Geppa 11, tel 040 370330 Da Giovanni, Via S Lazzaro 14, tel 040 639396 Day trips Exploring the Carse The Triestine cares starts at Montefalcone in the north and stretches down adjacent to the Slovenian border. The area is known as a paradise for botanists with a mixture of continental flora and Mediterranean vegetation. There is talk of the area achieving national park status. The Carsic house in Rupingrande has a collection of traditional furniture and local costumes. During the first week in May the works of local painters are exhibited during the Majence Festival, in San Dorligo delle Valle. The best known event is the Carsic Wedding, every second year on the last Sunday of August in Monrupino. There are dances every night of the preceeding week. On the wedding day the bridal procession, all dressed in traditional costume, walk to the fortress church for the marriage ceremony. Grado and Aquiliea Aquiliea was founded in the first century BC. It occupies a strategic defence location. It became a Patriarchs's seat andmany beautiful churches were built. The Bascilica is considered to be one of the most important monuments of early Christianity. There are two museums to visit there. Grado was the extreme southern part of the port of Aquileia. Now it a beautiful island city joined to the mainland by a causeway. It boasts 20 kms of fine sandy beaches. Grado was very popular as a spa during the days of the Austrio Hungarian Empire with its healing sands. Grado can be reached by the no 21 bus from Trieste. There is also a boat service during the Summer. Muggia Muggia is a pretty coastal town just south of Trieste, which can be reached by ferry from Trieste during the summer. The town is of Venetian origin, surrounded by medieval walls with a 14th century castle and a pretty port. Slovenia The Slovenian border is just a few kilometres from Trieste. The Lipica Stud and Riding School is under a half hour drive from Trieste. It was originally founded in 1580 by Archduke Charles for breeding royal horses for the Austrian court. Now you can tour the stud farm (6 Euros) or have a riding lesson, starting at 16 euros. Croatia Croatia can be easily reached through by passing through the narrow strip of coastal Slovenia. Wine Country Every Sunday during April, May and June you can visit specific wineries in the area to try their products. There are various wine itineraries you can follow. Venice Venice can be reached by direct train from Trieste. The journey takes around two hours. The train takes you right into the centre of Venice. herbal pnis enlargement pills medical penis enlargment homemade penile enlargment top rated penis elargement pills vimax penis enlargement review enlargement forum free matter pnis size top penis enlargment pills penis enargement system

guide to penis enlargement

Can you imagine living life without a computer? You probably wouldn’t function very well and hardly get anything done! However, just having a computer doesn’t make a difference in your bank account at all. You and I are so attached to computers and since the entire world uses it for just about everything, it’s only natural to believe that the computer and the internet is the most important element for your online success. While the computer and the internet make it possible for business to function more conveniently and with very little overhead for us “netrepreneurs”, it is NOT the most important element to making money online. The most important element to making money online (and offline) is to have a live breathing human being opening their wallets and handing it to you. To be successful in this high tech world, you need to have the high touch relationships with live human beings. Let me illustrate a situation you’ve probably experienced where a high touch relationship doesn’t exist. Imagine that you are laughing and enjoying dinner with your friends and family until a rude “RING!” from the telephone interrupts your dinner. Everyone is silent, laughter and fun is silenced, so that you can have your telephone conversation. And who else would it be besides an annoying telemarketer? The conversation probably went something like this: Them: “So Mr. Prospect, how would you like to order our penis enlargement system today? Cash, check or credit?” You: “UHHH….not now, I’m kinda busy, besides I’m comfortable with my size!” Them: “But you sound like someone that has trouble pleasing his wife. With our product we’ll guarantee that…” You: “Look wise guy, I don’t know who you are, but you’ve interrupted my family time and you’ve insulted me! Don’t call ever again; take me off your list!” Unless you really have the desire for that product right now, you probably wouldn’t think of buying that product (especially from a stranger)! Now let’s see what happened here and why it fails. 1. A stranger with no credibility with you whatsoever interrupts what you were doing. Catching you at a bad time and putting you in an annoyed state. 2. You don’t have a desire for that particular product at this time. 3. You are insulted that a stranger with no credibility attempts to hard sell you and shove his product down your throat with its “benefits” even when you already told him “NO” 4. You are never going to hear from him again because you opted off his list. And there are laws big penalties if they do call you back. How profitable is it when you can never call back a prospect? Technology (in this case the phone) failed to produce results. That’s very similar to spamming people’s email. It’s annoying, it’s a waste of time, and it gets nothing accomplished. Technology makes it easier for us to communicate with our prospects, but it easily be abused also. How many times have you seen ridiculous offers like the product mentioned above in your email box? I used to have female friends that get that very same offer in their email! I don’t have any statistics to back up what I’m about to say, but I can accurately guess that 99.99999999999999% of the female population would not like to have their penises enlarged. To have a successful marketing business, you must know your target market then build familiarity and relationships with your customers. Show them that you care, let them know that you’ve been in the same situation, and show them how you can solve their problem (your product)! Once your customers connect and familiarize themselves with you, likeability is increased, then trust is established and your internet marketing business will dramatically improve! For now, understand that high touch relationships will always outperform high tech computers in the internet marketing business every time – no matter how advanced technology gets. It’s very easy to get carried away, send out as much messages as possible and not care who receives it. But if you are one of those people, I advise you to stop and start building relationships with your prospects immediately! penis enhancement tool penis elargement result do penis enlargement pills really work vimax penis enlargement surgery picture cheap penis enlargement pills pnis enlargement technique penis enlargment surgery photo free penile enlargment pills guide to penis enlargement

There is a widespread misunderstanding by many women, and surprisingly also by many men that boys and men only have sexual feelings in their penis, or even only in their penis head. The reason why many men also carry this misconception is probably that boys often are educated to suppress corporeal sensations and to be hard. Many erogenous zones in men and boys are best activated when the body is relaxed, and the zones are stimulated in a gentle manner. Gentle stimulation of these zones in a relaxed state can give feelings of pleasure as strong as those in the penis, and can even result in some types of strong orgasmic reactions. Here is a survey of various erotic zones in the male body, and how to stimulate the sensations in these zones. You can stimulate yourself at these zones when masturbating, or the your female or gay partner can do the stimulation work. THE SCROTUM AND THE TESTICLES The scrotal skin and the content of the scrotum, including the testicles, are sensitive to erotic stimulation. When stimulating these genital parts, take first hold of the scrotum with your whole hand, warming it inside your hand, and massaging it gently by gripping movements. Warming and handling the scrotum gives feelings in the whole genital region. Stimulation of the scrotum also increases the blood circulation and engorgement of all the genital organs around the scrotum. The testicles are best stimulated by gentle rolling movements with your fingers. Also tickle the scrotal skin with your finger tips. A part of the penis is actually hidden partly inside and partly behind the scrotal sack, by palpating with your finger tips between the testicles or at the side under the scrotum; you can massage this part of the penis. A sharp massage with your finger tips gives the most intense sensations to this hidden root of the penis. THE BREAST NIPPLES AND THEIR SURROUNDINGS The nipples of a man are important erogenous zones, and a man has tits just as a woman, although the tits of a man are smaller and flatter that those of a woman. Actually a man has all the structures that a woman has in his breasts, but they are not developed to have a milk producing capacity. This means that a man’s breasts have the same erotic capacity as the tits of woman. A man's nipples also have an erective capacity. They rise and get hard upon stimulation. When stimulating a man’s breasts, take hold of the breast with your whole hand, warming it inside your hand, and massaging it gently by gripping movements. To stimulate the nipples, massage gently around the nipples with a finger tip. Also squeeze the nipples with your fingers, varying the intensity from the very gentle nip to some harder pressure. THE REGION BETWEEN THE PENIS AND THE ANUS The visible penis is actually a part of a larger body beginning at the prostate region just in front of the anus, and reaches to the tip of the penis. The urethra also goes through this structure. The parts between your legs will engorge when you are sexually exited just as the penis, and when it engorges, the region bulges out between the legs. Upon mechanical stimulation, this area gives intense pleasurable feelings. You can stimulate this area by squeezing it between your fingers, pressing down against the urethra or massaging up and down along the urethra. You should change between gentle and a little harder handling, as these two manners give rise to different types of feelings. THE NAVEL AND THE BLADDER REGION The navel is an erotic point, and so are the structures in the middle of the belly between the navel and the penis. This structure contains a groove between the belly muscles. The structures in this groove are very sensuous, the so called linea alba. The naval can be stimulated by sticking a finger into it, and by tickling with your finger deep down in the navel. Also here you should alternate between light, gentle, slow tickling, and harder sharper tickling. This stimulation give sensations that radiate out form the navel to the surroundings, and spreads downwards to the tip of your penis, giving a very funny feeling in your penis. The groove between the navel and the penis, you can stimulate by massaging up and down with the tip of your fingers. THE BUTTOCKS AND ANAL SURROUNDINGS The inner sides of the buttocks in the natal cleft give rise to deep erotic feelings with a very special intimate valor. Move your fingers up and down between the buttocks from the spine to the opposite end between the legs, and gently massage the inner side of each buttock with your finger tips. You can also concentrate your attention to the region deep inside the cleft very near the anus and tickle these most intimate points with your finger tips. Further you can stretch each buttock to the side so that the butt cleft opens, and the rectal opening is also stretched. The result of these manipulations is erotic sensations that radiate to the whole pelvic area, flow deep inside you and rise upwards along your spine. THE ANUS AND THE OUTER RECTUM The anal region is in many ways the real central of feelings in a man or boy. By stimulating this area in the proper ways, you can create a process that spread waves of intense feelings of joy, pleasure and ecstasy up through the whole body, partly forward to the genitals and belly region, and partly along the spine up to the neck. You best stimulate the rectal opening by very gentle circulatory movements with your finger tips. Alternate between these circulatory movements and the stimulation of the insides of the buttocks. You can also stick a smeared finger into the anal opening and stimulate by gentle movements in and out. By sticking your finger further inside, you can gently massage the inside walls of the anus. By adding some pressure, your stimulation reaches deep into the tissue around the rectum. All these stimulation give rise to profound feelings radiating to the whole body. THE DEEP PART OF THE RECTUM The perhaps most intimate and sensitive zone of a man, is the deep part of the rectum. This zone can be reached by gay intercourse or with a dildo or some other long object. When inserting something in the anus to stimulate this zone, it is necessary to be very cautious so that the intestinal walls are not hurt. However, this zone is so sensitive that even the gentlest stimulation gives an immense depth of feelings, both of physical and psychological kind. You can stimulate this zone by gently and gradually by inserting a thin smeared dildo, and when fully inserted, very gently move it a little in and out, a little around, or press gently to different sides with the dildo. The more you relax, and the longer you do this stimulation, the deeper and more intense will the feelings grow. THE PROSTATE: The prostate lies just in front of the anus and the urethra goes through it. This gland produces much of the viscous fluid in the semen. You can stimulate it from the outside by pressing somewhat firmly with your fingers inward just in front of the anus. There is a deepening in this area, just like a little vagina. Press your finger into this groove and a little forward. You can also stimulate the prostate by inserting your finger into the anus and massage the prostate through the front wall of the anus. The massage releases prostate fluid. Feeling the fluid coming through your urethra and dripping out through you pee-hole, add to the physical excitement. Also the prostate have its own sexual feelings, and prostate massage combined with anal stimulation can induce a form of orgasm that has a much deeper psychological and ecstatic impact than ordinary penile orgasm. penile enlargement photo free penile enlargment video truth about penis enlargement pills penile enlargment program penis enlagement photo penis enlargment result penis enlargment doctor penile enlargment system guide to penis enlargement

Are you one of the more than 1 million men in America who know they have some type of prostate problem? Then, this encouraging information is for you. I remember when I first found out that I had the beginnings of prostate enlargement. Visions of restricted urination, cancer, surgery and eventually death, haunted me. Research indicates that 1 in 3 men past the age of 40 will develop prostate problems. The American Cancer Society projects that over a quarter of a million men will die from Prostate cancer in the USA this year. Further statistics indicate that; * One in six men will get prostate in his life. * An American man dies every 18 minutes from prostate cancer - The second leading cause of male cancer in the United States. * The chance of getting prostate cancer is one in three if you have just one close relative (father, brother) with the disease. The risk if five fold if you have two close relatives. With three, it is an almost certain (97%) that you'll get prostate cancer. ** American Cancer Society. Enlargement of the prostate gland is known as “benign-hypertrophy”. If not prevented or treated, many times it becomes infected which is “Prostatitus”. Research has shown that the prostate has the highest zinc content of any tissue in the body. Zinc is that one ingredient in the diet that helps prevent benign-hypertrophy or the enlargement of the prostate. Excess cadmium is as enemy of zinc, which is required in large amounts by the prostate gland. High sugar and flour-rich foods in large amounts result in Zinc loss and cadium retention. Diet is very important. Smoking cigarettes increases cadium intake and lowers zinc levels in the prostate. The lack of sufficient good clean drinking water also inhibits the flushing out of bacteria population. One can stop smoking and one can intake more water. But, the real kicker is the needed increase in zinc and other nutrients. We can certainly up the amount of vegetables we eat which will help, but the truth is, our food supply is so deficient in nutrients, that we cannot consume enough food to meet the demand. That is where good physician formulated natural supplements come in. I was lucky. I knew a doctor personally who formulates these supplements; and they worked for me. But, there are several sources for these good nutrients. Some designer supplements are better than others. You will have to look around and evaluate them and chose the best. Make sure that they include Zinc Picolinate, Saw Palmetto Extract, Pygeum Africanum and preferably in a good Azyme base. Take sufficient quantities and start early, age 20 would be great! pnis enlargement traction device free penis enlarement video free penis enhancement exercise free penis enargement penis elargement before and after photo buy pnis enlargement pills vigrx enhancement herbal penis enlargement guide to penis enlargement

What is a varicocele? A varicocele is a swollen vein in the scrotum. Normal veins in the scrotums are usually constricted and not dilated. In varicocele, the veins in the scrotums are dilated. Varicoceles are more commonly found in the left scrotum than then in the right due to anatomic factors. Varicocele is a well-known cause of subnormal testicular function and can be found in approximately 20-25% of all males and in 40% of infertile males. As a matter of fact, varicocele is the leading cause of infertility in males. Varicoceles are easy to detect and can be easily corrected by surgical interventions. Varicoceles are much more common in the left scrotum (80-90%) than in the right as a result of several anatomical factors. Also of importance is that right-sided varicoceles should be carefully investigated as more often than not, a right-sided varicocele may indicate cancer of the right kidney. How do I know I'm affected by varicocele? A varicocele feels like a "bag of worms". Contrary to what most people believe, varicoceles usually do not cause any pain, but swelling of the scrotum, be it in one or both sides. Other problems that have to be excluded, that may cause scrotum enlargement include fluids in the scrotum, testicular cancer, a cyst or spermatocele, etc. In general, varicoceles are harmless, are not cancerous, although in the long run, they may give rise to infertility. Some health professionals believe that if left untreated, they may even cause cancer of the testicles. What are the long term complications of untreated varicocle? If left untreated, varicoceles may give rise to several problems: 1. Testicular atrophy (or shrinkage) 2. Infertility 3. Testicular cancer (rare) How is a varicocele diagnosed? Varicocele is diagnosed clinically by testicular examination. Alternatively, if a diagnosis of varicocele is uncertain, high-resolution color-flow Doppler ultrasonography is the diagnostic method of choice. What are the treatment options available for varicoceles? Medical therapy has no place in the treatment of varicoceles. The main form of treatment for varicocle is surgery. However, the presence of a varicocele does not necessarily need surgical correction. Having said that, if treatment is indicated, surgical correction is the treatment of choice. There are several methods of surgical corrections, these include microscopic sub-inguinal varicocelectomy, inguinal varicocelectomy, retroperitoneal varicocelectomy and laparascopic varicocelectomy. In most cases, the patient is sedated. What lifestyle changes can be carried out to optimize semen quality and quantity? There are ways for sufferes of varicoceles to improve their semen quality and quantity by life style changes, these include: 1. Quit smoking 2. Avoid use of marijuana 3. Avoid use of cocaine 4. Avoid use of anabolic steroids 5. Reduce alcohol intake 6. Avoid lubricants 7. Increase aerobic exercises.